The best know and often misrepresented work by Machiavelli is his guide on how to rule a principality still holds many relevant lessons today. While he condemns cruelty and needless violence Machiavelli indicates that a certain level of ruthlessness and selfishness is required by any ruler who wishes to remain in power.
A population that fear you will be under control, a population who hate you will be your downfall.
Reward good service without favouritism, punish disloyalty harshly.
Be merciful to those who you can use, be ruthless with those who could threaten your hold.
Avoid war when possible but once it becomes inevitable do not hesitate or hold back.
Form alliances but do not rely on your allies.
When planning your course of action think through all of the consequences.
The ends do not always justify the means unless you are a poor translator.
Always consider the motives of your allies as well as those of your enemies.
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